The evidence behind the guides

Sources

Find a study, check what it supports, and follow it back to a concern.

TopicCollection

Sources for Manipulation of consumer preferences

2 sources

Guide citations are still under editorial review.

Federal Trade Commission · 2022 Staff report

Bringing Dark Patterns to Light (original source, new tab)

Describes deceptive interface design; many mechanisms predate AI and are not evidence of AI-specific prevalence.

Federal Trade Commission · January 2025 Staff research perspective

Surveillance Pricing Update and the Work Ahead (original source, new tab)

Initial findings about intermediary tools and personal data; not proof every retailer uses individualized prices.

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