The evidence behind the guides

Sources library

Browse by topic or search for a study, author or question. Open evidence notes to see what a source can—and cannot—tell us.

TopicCollection

Sources for Chatbots producing self-harm content

2 sources

Guide citations are still under editorial review.

Brewster and colleagues; JAMA Network Open Research study

Characteristics and Safety of Consumer Chatbots for Emergent Adolescent Health Concerns (original source, new tab)

2025 simulated conversations and expert-rated responses, not a clinical trial measuring resulting injuries.

Moore and colleagues · FAccT 2025 Safety evaluation

Expressing stigma and inappropriate responses prevents LLMs from safely replacing mental health providers (original source, new tab)

Tests stigma and responses to clinical scenarios; identifies failures without estimating population rates of injury.

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